Đề thi thử TN THPT 2027 – Tiếng Anh 12 – Đề số 13

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

FREE HEALTHY EATING WORKSHOP

Are you tired of diets that never seem to work? Join our free workshop at Nam Trieu Community Centre this Saturday and learn how to build eating habits that (1) ______ for a lifetime.

Led by a team of (2) ______ nutritionists, the session will explain why our bodies resist weight loss and how to work with them, not against them. Participants will also enjoy a cooking demonstration (3) ______ simple Mediterranean-style dishes made from local ingredients.

Seats are limited, so please (4) ______ your place before Thursday. Every participant will receive a free recipe booklet and a personal meal plan (5) ______ to their age and lifestyle.

Don't let another year go by without (6) ______ a change. Your health deserves it!

Question 1.

Question 2.

Question 3.

Question 4.

Question 5.

Question 6.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

SMART EATING: A QUICK GUIDE FOR STUDENTS

Feeling tired in the afternoon? The food you choose may be the reason. Follow these simple tips:

• Start your day with breakfast. Students who skip it often (7) ______ unhealthy snacks before lunch.
• Watch out for hidden sugar. (8) ______ fruit juice seems healthy, it often contains almost as much sugar as soda.
• Fill half your plate with vegetables. Most teenagers eat far too (9) ______ fibre.
• Read food labels (10) ______ and compare products before you buy them.
• Plan your meals ahead. A little preparation on Sunday can save you (11) ______ time during the busy week.
• Don't (12) ______ treats completely. Allowing yourself a small portion now and then makes healthy eating easier to stick to.

Question 7.

Question 8.

Question 9.

Question 10.

Question 11.

Question 12.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Question 13.
a. Lan: Really? I thought fruit was always good for you.
b. Minh: I've stopped drinking fruit juice every morning. It has too much sugar.
c. Minh: Whole fruit is, because of the fibre. Juice is a different story.

Question 14.
a. Doctor: That's normal at your age. Your metabolism slows down, so you need fewer calories than before.
b. Mrs Hoa: I eat exactly the same as I did ten years ago, but I keep gaining weight.
c. Mrs Hoa: So should I simply eat less?
d. Doctor: Not exactly. You should eat smaller portions but more protein to protect your muscles.
e. Mrs Hoa: I see. I'll ask my daughter to help me plan new meals.

Question 15.
Dear Ms Linh,
a. I am writing to thank you for the nutrition talk you gave at our school last Friday.
b. Since then, several of them have started bringing home-made lunches instead of buying instant noodles.
c. Many students told me that your explanation of food labels was the most useful part.
d. We would be delighted if you could visit us again next semester to talk to the parents.
e. Please let me know which dates would suit you best.
Best regards,

Question 16.
a. They also tended to have lower blood pressure and fewer problems with balance.
b. A recent study followed more than 2,000 adults over the age of sixty for five years.
c. Researchers found that those who walked for at least thirty minutes a day had stronger hearts.
d. These findings suggest that it is never too late to start being active.
e. Many older people believe that regular exercise is only for the young.

Question 17.
a. However, most of them regain the weight within a year of finishing the programme.
b. Every January, millions of people start strict diets in the hope of losing weight quickly.
c. Experts therefore argue that small, permanent changes are more effective than short-term plans.
d. In the first few weeks, many of them do lose several kilograms.
e. This happens because the body reacts to a sudden drop in food by burning fewer calories.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

EATING FOR EVERY STAGE OF LIFE

Nutritional needs are not fixed; they shift as we move through different stages of life. A diet (18) ______ may leave a sixty-year-old short of key nutrients. During childhood and adolescence, the body requires plenty of energy, protein and calcium, (19) ______.

In middle age, the picture begins to change. Metabolism gradually slows, and muscle mass declines by a small percentage each decade. (20) ______, adults who keep eating as they did in their twenties often find that the extra calories are quietly stored as fat.

Later in life, the challenge is no longer eating too much but absorbing enough. Older adults tend to feel less hungry and thirsty, and their bodies become less efficient at absorbing vitamin B12 from food. (21) ______ Doctors therefore advise people over sixty-five to include protein in every meal and to drink water regularly, even when they do not feel thirsty.

The lesson is simple: (22) ______. Adjusting what we eat to match our age is one of the easiest ways to stay healthy for longer.

(Ngữ liệu tự biên soạn)

Question 18.

Question 19.

Question 20.

Question 21.

Question 22.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

BORN TO STORE: WHY DIETING FEELS SO HARD

Anyone who has tried to lose weight knows the frustrating pattern: the first few kilograms disappear quickly, and then progress stalls. Many people blame a lack of willpower, but scientists increasingly point to a deeper cause. Our bodies were shaped by hundreds of thousands of years of evolution, during which food was often scarce and unpredictable.

For our ancestors, the ability to store energy as fat was a matter of survival. Those who gained weight easily during times of plenty were more likely to survive the long periods of famine that followed. Over countless generations, this trait was passed down, leaving modern humans with bodies that are remarkably efficient at holding on to every spare calorie.

This ancient programming explains why dieting so often backfires. When we cut calories sharply, the body cannot tell the difference between a diet and a famine. It responds by lowering its metabolic rate and increasing levels of ghrelin, the hormone that triggers hunger. At the same time, levels of leptin, which signals fullness, drop. The result is a person who burns less energy yet feels hungrier than before.

None of this means that losing weight is impossible. Rather, it suggests that strategies which work with our biology are more likely to succeed than those which fight against it. Gradual changes, regular meals rich in fibre and protein, and physical activity that preserves muscle can all help convince the body that there is no emergency. In a world of fast food and supermarkets, our Stone Age instincts are unlikely to disappear, but understanding them is the first step towards outsmarting them.

(Ngữ liệu tự biên soạn)

Question 23. The word scarce in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

Question 24. According to paragraph 2, why did people who gained weight easily have an advantage?

Question 25. The phrase this trait in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

Question 26. The word backfires in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

Question 27. According to paragraph 3, what happens when people cut calories sharply?

Question 28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4 as a helpful strategy?

Question 29. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Question 30. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE MEDITERRANEAN TABLE

For more than half a century, researchers have been intrigued by a puzzle. People living around the Mediterranean Sea, in countries such as Greece, Italy and Spain, traditionally enjoyed longer lives and suffered fewer heart attacks than people in northern Europe or the United States, even though their diet was far from low in fat. The explanation, it is now clear, lies not in a single "superfood" but in the way a whole pattern of eating affects the body.

The first mechanism concerns the type of fat consumed. Instead of butter and processed meat, the Mediterranean diet relies heavily on olive oil, nuts and oily fish. These foods are rich in unsaturated fats, which help lower levels of "bad" LDL cholesterol in the blood. Extra virgin olive oil also contains compounds called polyphenols that protect blood vessels from damage. Over time, this reduces the build-up of fatty deposits that can block arteries.

A second mechanism involves inflammation, the body's natural response to injury. [I] When it persists at a low level for years, however, it is linked to heart disease, type 2 diabetes and even some forms of dementia. [II] Fruit, vegetables, legumes and whole grains, which form the base of the Mediterranean diet, are packed with antioxidants that help calm this hidden fire. [III] Studies have found that people who follow the diet closely tend to have lower levels of inflammatory markers in their blood. [IV]

Perhaps the most exciting research focuses on the gut. The trillions of bacteria living in our intestines feed on the fibre found in plant foods. In return, they produce substances known as short-chain fatty acids, which strengthen the lining of the gut and help regulate blood sugar. A diet high in fibre and low in processed food therefore seems to support a more diverse community of bacteria, which in turn benefits the rest of the body.

Finally, scientists stress that the Mediterranean diet is as much a lifestyle as a menu. Meals are traditionally eaten slowly and shared with family and friends, portions are moderate, and physical activity is part of daily life. It is difficult to separate these habits from the food itself, and they may well contribute to the benefits. What the evidence suggests, then, is that health comes less from any single ingredient than from the combination of many good choices made consistently.

(Ngữ liệu tự biên soạn)

Question 31. The word intrigued in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

Question 32. According to paragraph 1, what was surprising about people living around the Mediterranean?

Question 33. According to paragraph 2, polyphenols in extra virgin olive oil ______.

Question 34. Where in paragraph 3 does the following sentence best fit?
Unlike the swelling around a cut, this long-term inflammation causes no obvious symptoms, so most people never know it is there.

Question 35. The phrase this hidden fire in paragraph 3 refers to ______.

Question 36. The word they in paragraph 4 refers to ______.

Question 37. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

Question 38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Question 39. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5?

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

--------- THE END ---------

- Thí sinh không được sử dụng tài liệu;
- Giám thị không giải thích gì thêm.

ĐÁP ÁN VÀ GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT

Đề thi thử TN THPT 2027 – Tiếng Anh 12 – Đề số 13 – Mã đề 1301 (mỗi câu đúng 0,25 điểm)

A. BẢNG ĐÁP ÁN

B. GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT

Question 1 – C. Sau đại từ quan hệ "that" (thay cho "habits", số nhiều) cần động từ chia thì hiện tại đơn: "habits that last for a lifetime" (thói quen duy trì suốt đời). "last" là nội động từ nên không có bị động "are lasted".

Question 2 – A. Trước danh từ "nutritionists" cần tính từ: "qualified nutritionists" (chuyên gia dinh dưỡng có chuyên môn, đủ trình độ).

Question 3 – D. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ chủ động: "a cooking demonstration featuring simple … dishes" = "which features …" (buổi trình diễn nấu ăn có các món…).

Question 4 – B. Collocation "book your place" (đặt chỗ trước). Ngữ cảnh: "Seats are limited, so please book your place before Thursday."

Question 5 – A. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bị động; cấu trúc "tailored to sth" (được thiết kế riêng cho): "a personal meal plan tailored to their age and lifestyle".

Question 6 – C. Collocation "make a change" (tạo ra thay đổi); sau giới từ "without" dùng V-ing.

Question 7 – D. "turn to sth" = tìm đến, chuyển sang dùng. "Students who skip it often turn to unhealthy snacks before lunch." "give up" = từ bỏ, "take after" = giống ai, "put off" = trì hoãn đều sai nghĩa.

Question 8 – B. Hai vế tương phản ("seems healthy" ↔ "contains almost as much sugar as soda") và theo sau là mệnh đề, nên dùng "Although". "Despite" chỉ đi với danh từ/V-ing.

Question 9 – A. "fibre" là danh từ không đếm được, ngữ cảnh nói thiếu chất xơ, nên dùng "far too little fibre". "few/many" đi với danh từ đếm được; "much" sai nghĩa.

Question 10 – C. Bổ nghĩa cho động từ "read" cần trạng từ: "Read food labels carefully".

Question 11 – B. "time" không đếm được, nên dùng "a great deal of time". "a large number of", "many", "a few" chỉ đi với danh từ đếm được số nhiều.

Question 12 – D. "cut out sth" = loại bỏ hoàn toàn. "Don't cut out treats completely. Allowing yourself a small portion now and then…"

Question 13 – A. b – a – c. Minh mở đầu (bỏ nước ép vì nhiều đường) → Lan ngạc nhiên ("I thought fruit was always good for you") → Minh giải thích "Whole fruit is…" (đáp lại ý "good for you").

Question 14 – C. b – a – c – d – e. Bà Hoa than tăng cân (b) → bác sĩ giải thích trao đổi chất chậm, cần ít calo hơn (a) → bà hỏi "So should I simply eat less?" (c) → bác sĩ trả lời "Not exactly…" (d) → bà kết thúc (e).

Question 15 – D. a – c – b – d – e. Nêu mục đích cảm ơn (a) → phản hồi của học sinh (c) → "Since then, several of them…" ("them" = students ở c) (b) → lời mời quay lại (d) → đề nghị báo lịch (e).

Question 16 – B. e – b – c – a – d. Nêu quan niệm sai (e) → giới thiệu nghiên cứu (b) → kết quả 1 (c) → "They also…" bổ sung kết quả (a) → kết luận "These findings suggest…" (d).

Question 17 – A. b – d – a – e – c. Mọi người bắt đầu ăn kiêng (b) → tuần đầu giảm cân (d) → "However… regain the weight" (a) → "This happens because…" giải thích (e) → "Experts therefore argue…" kết luận (c).

Question 18 – C. Cần mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho "A diet": "A diet that perfectly suits a growing teenager may leave a sixty-year-old short of key nutrients." Các phương án còn lại sai nghĩa hoặc sai ngữ pháp ("suiting to", "suited perfectly a…").

Question 19 – D. Vế sau giải thích lí do cơ thể trẻ cần nhiều năng lượng, canxi: "as their bones and muscles are developing rapidly". Phương án C mâu thuẫn với thực tế tuổi dậy thì.

Question 20 – B. Câu trước nói trao đổi chất chậm lại, câu sau nói calo thừa bị tích thành mỡ, nên cần cụm chỉ nguyên nhân "Because of this slower use of energy". C và D mâu thuẫn với ngữ cảnh.

Question 21 – A. Câu trước: người già ít thấy đói, khát, hấp thu B12 kém → hệ quả: "many are at risk of dehydration and vitamin deficiencies". Câu sau "Doctors therefore advise… drink water regularly" khớp với ý này.

Question 22 – D. Câu kết khái quát cả bài: nhu cầu dinh dưỡng thay đổi theo tuổi. Thông tin: "Nutritional needs are not fixed; they shift…" và "Adjusting what we eat to match our age…".

Question 23 – C. "scarce" (khan hiếm) trái nghĩa với "plentiful" (dồi dào). "limited" là từ đồng nghĩa.

Question 24 – B. Thông tin: "Those who gained weight easily during times of plenty were more likely to survive the long periods of famine that followed."

Question 25 – A. "this trait" thay cho khả năng tích mỡ ở câu đầu đoạn 2: "the ability to store energy as fat was a matter of survival".

Question 26 – D. "backfire" = phản tác dụng, gây kết quả ngược mong muốn. Đoạn 3 cho thấy ăn kiêng khiến cơ thể đốt ít năng lượng hơn và đói hơn.

Question 27 – C. Thông tin: "…increasing levels of ghrelin, the hormone that triggers hunger. At the same time, levels of leptin, which signals fullness, drop."

Question 28 – B. Đoạn 4 nêu "Gradual changes, regular meals rich in fibre and protein, and physical activity that preserves muscle"; không nhắc việc bỏ bữa. Bỏ bữa còn trái với "regular meals".

Question 29 – A. Thông tin: "In a world of fast food and supermarkets, our Stone Age instincts are unlikely to disappear…", tức môi trường thực phẩm hiện đại xung đột với bản năng hình thành từ xa xưa. C sai vì "None of this means that losing weight is impossible."

Question 30 – D. Bài nêu nguồn gốc tiến hoá của việc tích mỡ (đoạn 1–2), lí do ăn kiêng phản tác dụng (đoạn 3) và giải pháp thuận theo sinh học (đoạn 4). A, B, C sai hoặc chỉ là chi tiết.

Question 31 – C. "intrigued" = tò mò, bị cuốn hút = "fascinated". "confused" (bối rối) là phương án nhiễu vì đi cùng "puzzle".

Question 32 – B. Thông tin: "…enjoyed longer lives and suffered fewer heart attacks… even though their diet was far from low in fat."

Question 33 – D. Thông tin: "Extra virgin olive oil also contains compounds called polyphenols that protect blood vessels from damage."

Question 34 – A. [II]. Câu chèn nói viêm kéo dài không có triệu chứng. Câu này nối tiếp ý "When it persists at a low level for years…" và dẫn tới cụm "this hidden fire" ngay sau [II].

Question 35 – B. "this hidden fire" là cách nói ẩn dụ chỉ tình trạng viêm âm ỉ kéo dài được nhắc ở các câu trước trong đoạn 3; chất chống oxy hoá là thứ "calm" nó.

Question 36 – C. Thông tin: "The trillions of bacteria… feed on the fibre… In return, they produce substances…": chính vi khuẩn tạo ra axit béo chuỗi ngắn.

Question 37 – D. "high in fibre and low in processed food" ≈ "more fibre and less processed food"; "support a more diverse community of bacteria" ≈ "encourage more varied gut bacteria"; "benefits the rest of the body" ≈ "benefits overall health".

Question 38 – A. Thông tin: "Meals are traditionally eaten slowly and shared with family and friends… they may well contribute to the benefits." B sai vì "not in a single superfood"; C sai vì "strengthen the lining of the gut"; D sai vì viêm còn liên quan tiểu đường, sa sút trí tuệ.

Question 39 – C. Đoạn 5 nói chế độ này "as much a lifestyle as a menu" và khó tách thói quen khỏi thức ăn, nên chỉ chép thực đơn có thể không đạt đủ lợi ích.

Question 40 – B. Bài trình bày bốn cơ chế: chất béo tốt (đoạn 2), giảm viêm (đoạn 3), hệ vi khuẩn đường ruột (đoạn 4), lối sống (đoạn 5). A, C, D trái với nội dung bài.