Tổng ôn ngữ pháp Mạo từ (Articles)

TỔNG ÔN NGỮ PHÁP MẠO TỪ

Bảng tổng hợp mạo từ

A. Mạo từ bất định (A / An)

- A đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm (phát âm): a book, a European (/juː/), a university.
- An đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng một nguyên âm (phát âm): an apple, an hour (/ˈaʊər/), an MP3 player (/em/).
- Cách dùng:
- Chỉ nghề nghiệp, quốc tịch, tôn giáo: She is an English teacher.
- Trong các cụm từ chỉ số lượng/đo lường: once a week, $5 a kilo.
- Sau các từ như such, quite, rather khi đi với danh từ đếm được số ít: such a difficult test.

B. Mạo từ xác định (The)

- Đối tượng duy nhất hoặc độc bản: the sun, the moon, the earth, the equator.
- Đã được xác định bởi mệnh đề quan hệ hoặc cụm giới từ phía sau: The man who left early is my uncle.
- Được nhắc đến lần thứ hai trở đi: I bought a book yesterday. The book is very informative.
- So sánh nhất và số thứ tự: the best student, the first time.
- Tên địa danh đặc biệt:
- Quần đảo, dãy núi, sông, biển, đại dương, sa mạc: the Bahamas, the Himalayas, the Nile, the Pacific Ocean, the Sahara.
- Quốc gia đa dạng số nhiều hoặc chứa các từ (Kingdom, Republic, States): the USA, the UK, the Netherlands, the Philippines.
- Tên gia đình (dạng số nhiều): The Smiths (Gia đình nhà Smith).
- Tính từ được dùng như danh từ tập hợp: the rich, the poor, the injured.

C. Mạo từ rỗng (Ø)

- Danh từ số nhiều hoặc không đếm được mang nghĩa chung chung:
- Cats like milk. (Mèo nói chung thích sữa.)
- Water boils at 100°C. (Nước nói chung.)
- Bữa ăn, môn thể thao, ngôn ngữ, môn học, ngày trong tuần, tháng:
- have lunch, play football, speak French, study Chemistry, on Monday.
- Địa danh đơn lẻ:
- Quốc gia/thành phố đơn lẻ: Vietnam, Hanoi, Tokyo.
- Núi/Hồ/Đảo đơn lẻ: Mount Everest, Lake Michigan.
- Phương tiện giao thông (đi liền với giới từ by): by bus, by car, by plane (nhưng on a bus, in my car).
- Địa điểm công cộng (dùng đúng mục đích chính):
- go to school/hospital/church/prison (đi học, đi chữa bệnh, đi lễ, đi tù).
- Nhưng nếu đến đó không đúng mục đích chính thì dùng the: My mother went to the school to meet my teacher.

BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP

Question 1. He bought ______ new bicycle yesterday to replace his old one.

Question 2. The scientific research team spent months studying the behavior of ______ whale in its natural marine habitat.

Question 3. We usually have ______ dinner together as a family at 7:00 PM.

Question 4. Could you please pass me ______ salt that is next to your plate?

Question 5. She has ______ knowledge of local customs that surprised even the native residents.

Question 6. It took us more than ______ hour to finish the mid-term test.

Question 7. ______ Nile is widely known as the longest river in the world.

Question 8. Dr. Adams gave ______ lecture on renewable energy yesterday, and the lecture was highly praised by all attendees.

Question 9. Children should be encouraged to read ______ books to expand their knowledge.

Question 10. After his conviction, the criminal was sent to ______ prison for five years.

Question 11. She spent a week climbing ______ Mount Everest with a group of professional mountaineers.

Question 12. ______ higher the resolution of the screen is, the clearer the images appear.

Question 13. She wants to become ______ engineer when she graduates from university.

Question 14. My uncle works for a non-profit organization that helps ______ homeless in urban areas.

Question 15. Having lived in France for five years, she can speak ______ French fluently.

Question 16. The delegation visited ______ Hague to attend the international peace conference.

Question 17. He came across ______ unique antique painting while wandering through the flea market.

Question 18. ______ French are renowned worldwide for their exquisite gastronomy and rich cultural heritage.

Question 19. We decided to travel to the coastal village by ______ train to enjoy the scenery.

Question 20. She has been working as an HR manager for over ______ decade.

Question 21. Mr. Brown went to ______ school yesterday to attend his son's parent-teacher conference.

Question 22. It is universally acknowledged that ______ education plays a vital role in national development.

Question 23. They are planning a trip to ______ United Kingdom next summer.

Question 24. I met ______ European researcher who specialized in artificial intelligence at the international summit.

Question 25. My sister plays ______ piano exceptionally well.

Question 26. He decided to spend his retirement living in ______ countryside rather than staying in the city.

Question 27. ______ honesty is always considered one of the most important human qualities.

Question 28. The accident occurred late at night, and ______ injured were immediately rushed to the nearest hospital.

Question 29. The government is putting forward new policies to control ______ inflation.

Question 30. ______ water in this bottle tastes a bit strange; you shouldn't drink it.